Navigation Skills in the Harthope Valley

A great day with a group from the Northumberland Mountaineering Club. A lovely cold and clear October Saturday, but weather a bit too good to challenge our map and compass skills...We looked at a number of techniques and strategies for navigating our way in the hills. In the morning we mainly looked at ground features, timings and judging distances. In the afternoon we looked more at micro-navigation, using a compass and counting paces.

Here's something you can try to hone your ability to walk on a straight bearing.  Find a large flat moorland area. Put your bag down. Walk an equilateral triangle by pacing 100m on due N, then 100m on 120 degrees, then 100m on 240. You should now be back at your bag (unless someone's nicked it). If you are bang on, try 200m.

Conrad came along too with his camera and took the photos above.

I offer guided walks and walking holidays in Northumberland, the Pennines, the Lake District, Scotland and further afield.

I'm always keen for outdoor adventures to help people learn the skills to explore! My particular focus is mountain skills such as navigating with a map and compass and wild camping for expeditions.

Find out more

A Coast to Coast walk Beer Guide

A request, found written on a piece of wood in a peat bog at Vindolanda Roman Fort reads: "The comrades have no beer, which I ask that you order to be sent."

The Romans arrived in Britain they found us drinking beer and soon got a taste for it themselves.  If there was a shortage there would be mutiny. It didn't have any hops in it, so didn't travel well or keep long. I don't suppose it needed to...

Two thousand years later and we are still drinking beer in the North of England. Whether it's from a long established brewery or one of the fashionable micro-breweries that have just popped up, there is some fantastic beer around.

At the end of a day walking the Coast to Coast you deserve a drink. Mine's a beer.

On a recent trip I tried to drink a different local beer each night.

Alf Wainwright wasn't a big drinker himself. He'd sometimes have a half at the end of a day of Lakeland fell walking, but more often he'd prefer a cup of tea. His Pennine Way guide promised a free beer if you made it to the Border Hotel in Kirk Yetholm (which cost him thousands). 

All together it's a Coast to Coast walk but each day it is a Pub to Pub walk. So here are the beers I came across on my walk.

St Bees
Wolf Warrior
Brewed by Stringers
ABV 3.5%

Blonde
Pete's rating: ****

A nice blonde to start things off. I drank mine in the sunshine on the benches at the front of  the Manor Inn thinking about the great walking adventure to come. The name refers to the translation of Ulverston, where the brewery is based. It derives from the Old Norse "Ulfarr" meaning "Wolf Warrior".


Ennerdale Bridge
Keswick Bitter
Keswick Brewing Company
ABV 3.7%
Brown
Pete's rating: ***

Drank this in the Shepherd's Arms. Nice brown colour, smooth and easy to drink!


Rosthwaite
Ennerdale Brewery Blonde
Ennerdale Brewery
ABV 3.8%
Blonde
Pete's rating: ***

A bit of a fruity blonde. After walking the length of Ennerdale, it seemed appropriate to have one of these.


Grasmere
Ullswater Blonde
Tirril Brewery
ABV 3.8%
Blonde
Pete's rating: ****

Another blonde and another refreshing brew. The "Lakeland water" doesn't come out of Ullswater as the lake was prevented from becoming a reservoir in the sixties.  Ullswater is probably named after the Norse god Ulfr which also means Wolf (as above).

Glenridding
Cocker Hoop
Jennings
ABV 4.2%
Golden
Pete's rating: ****

A golden ale, bit stronger than the other beers so far and you can really taste the hops. Cocker Hoop is named after the old custom of removing the cock (spigot) from a barrel and resting it on the hoop of the cask.


Shap
Red Barn
Tirril
ABV 4.4%
Ruby
Pete's rating: *****

Absolutely delicious. Or maybe it was the 10 hours I spent on my feet walking over Kidsty Pike, beside Haweswater and across to Shap. Either way the best beer so far when I tried it in the Kings Arms.


Kirkby Stephen
Black Sheep Best Bitter
Black Sheep Brewery
ABV 3.8%
Golden Bitter
Pete's rating: *****

You know you're near Yorkshire when there's Black Sheep on tap. A five star classic in my opinion and, like with Guinness in Ireland, Black Sheep tastes better in Yorkshire...

A black sheep goes into a bar. The barman says, "We've got a beer named after you!" The Black Sheep says, "Oh! I'll have a pint of Tony then please!"


Gunnerside
Golden Sheep
Black Sheep Brewery
ABV 3.9%
Golden
Pete's rating: ****

Only beer on tap in the Keld Lodge was Black Sheep so I had to wait to the next day, at lunch in the Kings Head, to get another different brew. And the Black Sheep brewery have branched out and made a few other brews. This golden ale one is very easily quaffable. Scumptious!



Richmond
Timothy Taylor Landlord
Timothy Taylor Brewery
ABV 4.3%
Pale ale
Pete's rating: *****

The other Yorkshire classic. The Ship Inn was close to the B&B.  Talking to the Landlord he told us he still operates as a profitable wet pub (meaning no food is served). The key, he said, is good beer.

Inglby Cross
Alvertune
Wall's Brewery
ABV 3.8%
Pale Ale
Pete's rating: ***

Stood at the bar in the Bluebell Inn this almost luminous lime green pump clip catches your eye. Wall's Brewery are not far away in Northallerton. But although drinkable enough, it didn't make the ground shake for me...


Blakey Ridge
Theakston's Best Bitter
Theakston
ABV 3.8%
Light brown Bitter
Pete's rating: ****

The Lion Inn is an old pub. It's easy to imagine miners walking in along the same track as us after a hard day mining and coming in here for a beer. The building has been here since about the 1550s. In about 1827 Robert Theakston started brewing, in North Yorkshire, and one of his first brews will have been a bitter.  A few years later Ironstone was found in the Cleveland Hills and massive mining and quarrying began. This led to the rapid growth of nearby Middlesbourgh. And it's been a gritty, industrial, ugly place ever since. Blakey ridge on the other hand is a beautiful wide open heather moor.    In the Lion Inn, to go with your beer, you'll get large portions of no nonsense food served with caustic Yorkshire wit.


Gromont
Strong Arm
Camerons
ABV 4.0%
Ruby
Pete's rating: *****

Another five stars. But then I'm biased towards the ruby ones... Camerons are another longstanding North East brewery, based in Hartlepool and established in 1863. Strongarm,  a terrific beer, a great name and a nice strong red dragon on the front. I drank mine in the sunshine outside the Station Tavern watching a steam train. What more could a man want?


Robin Hood's Bay
Wainwright
Thwaites Brewery
ABV 4.1%
Golden Ale
Pete's rating: ****

AW had spent thousands on the bar tab at the Border Hotel for Pennine Way completers. He finishes the Coast to Coast book by saying "buy your own beer, I'm skint!".  And it seems fitting to buy a Wainwright. Thwaites are cashing in on the Wainwright fans, and they are based in Blackburn, Wainwright's home town.  But the beer, although pleasant and drinkable enough, isn't quite as good as it could be. Maybe it's because it's traveled a bit too far. Never mind that though, we've just walked across England! Get another in...

I offer guided walks and walking holidays in Northumberland, the Pennines, the Lake District, Scotland and further afield.

I'm always keen for outdoor adventures to help people learn the skills to explore! My particular focus is mountain skills such as navigating with a map and compass and wild camping for expeditions.

Find out more

Guided Coast to Coast Day 12

Wainwright was, I think we've established, a traditionalist. It's perhaps not surprising then that his great masterpiece of a walk is steeped in tradition. On day 12 you have the best one, Fat Betty, but don't miss:

Dipping your boot in the sea.

First thing at St Bees is to dip your boot in the sea. It should be one boot in the Irish Sea and the other in the North Sea. Be clear, the sea is a splashy salty thing with waves. Rock pools or wet sand don't count. If the tide is out, diddums, you're on a walking holiday, walk!  

Collecting a pebble. 

You must pick up a pebble in St Bees to skim into the sea at Robin Hood's Bay. A pebble is roughly the size of a scone. Anything smaller than a pea definitely doesn't count. You have to carry the pebble yourself the whole way. Not in your "baggage transfer", on your person. If you lose your pebble there are no ifs and no buts, you must return to St Bees, get another one, and start the walk again. 

Fat Betty

This is a squat white-painted memorial cross. No one knows why it's there or why the tradition for travellers to exchange treats arose. But it did and it's tradition. Give up a snack and take one in exchange. There is no equivalent value system but there ought to be. Use this as a guide...

Cereal bars = no value whatsoever. 

Free biscuits from B&B = a boiled sweet

Fresh apple = Mars bar

Crisps = crisps

Guided Coast to Coast Day 11

For most of the way today, the Coast to Coast joins the path of the Cleveland way. Consequently the path is well maintained and the sign posting is good. 

This is because the Cleveland Way is a national trail. This status comes with a pot of money to keep the thing in good order. 

The Coast to Coast is not a national trail and does not have any extra funding beyond each council or national park's normal spending on footpath maintenance. 

But the route is probably the most popular long distance walk in England with something like 10,000 walkers each year. So why doesn't it have national trail status?

The reason probably lies with Wainwright. 

"I am beginning to have second thoughts about "official" footpaths. I am not now at all sure they are wholly to be commended." He laments in his personal notes in the Coast to Coast guide. His objection was that official routes quickly become "a too popular parade" and "on some you don't need a map: just follow the trail of empty cans and orange peel."

Perhaps it is because of this stated distain for officialdom that the route avoids it's official status. Indeed, Wainwright was proud of sticking to existing footpaths and access land. Although unbeknownst to him he commited trespass many times. 

The route will remain without National Trail status for the foreseeable future. And maybe it's a good thing. To be truly following Wainwright's advice you should plan your own Coast to Coast route with maps crossing the UK wherever you fancy. 

"I want to encourage in others the ambition to devise with the aid of maps their own cross-country marathons and not be merely followers of other people's routes: there is no end to the possibilities for originality and initiative."

I offer guided walks and walking holidays in Northumberland, the Pennines, the Lake District, Scotland and further afield.

I'm always keen for outdoor adventures to help people learn the skills to explore! My particular focus is mountain skills such as navigating with a map and compass and wild camping for expeditions.

Find out more

Guided Coast to Coast Day 10

"To walkers who like high places and rough terrain, this will seem like the dullest part of the whole walk," says AW ever the salesman of his own route. "Those who believe the earth is flat will be mightily encouraged by this section."

It's a slog, fair enough, but there are reasons to be cheerful. 

Reason 1: Danby Wyske

AW disparages this twee village as, "less attractive than it's name," and a low point not just in elevation. He's being an old grump again. It's a picturesque place with a fantastic pub: The White Swan. (Incidently, surely it is only worth noting the colour if it is unusual. So either The Black Swan or The Swan. Is it just me?)

The atmosphere of the pub is like someone's cosy front room and they sell good beer and ice cream. 

Reason 2: Fake Owls

A farmer has decorated a fence with fake plastic owls, skulls and rats. As you cross the stile a sensor is activated that produces a fake "twit twoo" from a speaker. Kudos to the farmer!

Reason 3: Refreshments. 

Don't overdo the ice creams at Danby as at Moor House Farm they've left an honesty box with drinks, flapjacks, choc ices and cornettos. It's like the eighties never ended. 

Reason 4: Crossings. 

During the day you cross the River Swale and the River Wyske. You cross the East Coast mainline and the Middlesbrough branch line (without a bridge) and the A19. For crossing the dual carriageway you need Speed, Patience or Courage (choose two). Either way adrenaline will flow. 

I offer guided walks and walking holidays in Northumberland, the Pennines, the Lake District, Scotland and further afield.

I'm always keen for outdoor adventures to help people learn the skills to explore! My particular focus is mountain skills such as navigating with a map and compass and wild camping for expeditions.

Find out more

Guided Coast to Coast Day 9

Wainwright waxes lyrical about Richmond. "Emerging from Whitcliffe Wood there is a thrilling view of Richmond ahead."  Speaks a man with perhaps limited thrills. 

"Richmond is a town unlike others, a place unique, rich in relics of the past, steeped in a long history that still lingers in the ramifications of it's castle and the narrow alleys and quaint buildings that huddle in the shelter of the massive Norman keep."

He's right of course, it's a nice place. Also, for Coast-to-Coasters it's unique as the only chance to buy a Gregg's for lunch or a gingerbread latte. The local Boots is doing a roaring trade in Compeed and ankle supports. 

A part of me feels that even sleepy Richmond is too much like civilisation for walkers. We've spent days and days, or miles and miles, traipsing through the countryside and we shouldn't be tempted by shiny things until it's time to go home. 

Ideally, enjoy looking at the outside of the castle. Then walk straight past. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 8

Top of Waimwight's aims for the Coast to Coast was to avoid towns. 

"Richmond being the only town visited and that by design."

But the route takes in many smaller settlements.

It's hard to believe Keld, in lead mining boom times, once had a population of 6000. The village now has no shop and it's just Keld Lodge that gives the place some life. Staying there is great with the food, beer and humour that Yorkshire is proud of. 

Muker, Gunnerside and Healaugh all have  remains of last year's Grande Depart of the Tour de France, raced in the Dales. Tatty old bikes, painted yellow, we're strung up on walls. 

Reeth is a place with a bit of character. For it's size it seems to be doing well to have three pubs. But it once had thirteen. Set on the hillside with a view over the valley, if you get here on a sunny afternoon it's the perfect picturesque place to sit and have an ice cream, sit on a picnic table outside a pub. Even the most ardent factory lover would have to concede it's quite nice. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 7

I read up on the history of Wainwright and I know my way around his Coast to Coast book, but he's not the main inspiration for this walk anymore. Everyone wants to know about Julia Bradbury!

Julia is a Nigellaesque presenter fond of flicking her tussled hair. She has introduced the Coast to Coast to a new generation of middle-aged men. In short she's the walking man's crumpet. Rather than explain Wainwright's childhood in Blackburn, or the influence his loveless marriage on his solitary walks, what people want to know is where Julia sat in Kirkby Stephen fish and chip shop. 

But there is a controversy about Julia's walk. Apparently a stand in was used in some of the long shots and, gasp, she might not have actually walked the whole way. 

The goal, out of Kirkby is to get to Nine Standards. These are nine large cairns that no one really knows who built, when or why. They are centuries old and one theory is that the marked the boundary between Yorkshire and Cumbria. Another theory is that the Romans built them to look like approaching troops. I think some bored dry stone wallers had a competition and it got out of hand. 

Down from Nine Standards Rigg and White Mossy Hill, you walk past some grouse shooting paraphernalia to Ravelseat Farm. 

Julia visited the farm on the DVD and talked to Amanda, the Yorkshire Shepherdess. She's got a good tale of growing up in Huddersfield and meeting her husband when sent to the farm to pick something up.  She married him and moved in to start breeding sheep and children. They have about 8 free range kids that run about the farm and help out with the cream teas. You can sit outside the farm and get tea and a scone.  Just like Julia did!

From Ravenseat to Keld you pass by many of the distinctive stone barns common in Swaledale called Laithes.  The idea was to have a small barn in each pasture rather than big ones by the central farm house. They are two story with a hay loft above stalls for cattle. In this way there wasn't far to take the hay from each pasture and it could be forked down to feed the cattle as needed. Also the cow manure could be collected and didn't have to be transported far to fertilise each pasture. 

When you arrive in Keld and relax for the night, spare a thought for poor Julia who had to be helicoptered away to other filming commitments. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 6

Millions of years ago, Shap was underwater. Corals and molluscs died and formed sedimentary layers on the sea bed which formed the rock called limestone. 

After crossing the M6 you see the first signs of limestone. You are out of the volcanic area of the Lakes and into Limestone Country. This is good news as Wainwright explains:

"...as every walker knows, a limestone footing invariably means easy travelling on velvet turf."

I've a feeling AW might have over estimated the general knowledge of the average walker...

He goes on to describe the limestone pavements you walk past on the first part of the walk:

"Crinkled, fissured and often grotesquely sculptured...a delight to the eye always."

Once your eyes have been suitably delighted by the limestone pavements keep them peeled for granite boulders sat on limestone. They were brought here by an ice sheet!

Throughout the walk today are several working and disused limestone quarries and lime kilns. The best example is in Smardale. 

But Pete, "What was/is the lime used for?" I hear you cry. Well, fear not, here comes a chemistry lesson...

The answer is lots of things. It can be used as a building block (the Pyramids are built from limestone) and to make cement and mortar. It is also used to produce white pigments and filler (it's in your toothpaste!). 

Chemically, limestone is calcium carbonate. If you heat it with wood or coal in a lime kiln it decomposes to calcium oxide (also called quicklime) and carbon dioxide. 

Quicklime was used in earlier times for mortars, flooring and in agriculture. It is used in the manufacture of paper, cement and petrol. It was also used for light. When heated to 2400 degrees it emits an intense glow. This was used in theatre productions and is the origin of the term "limelight". If you add water to quicklime it will release heat as it hydrates to form calcium hydroxide. This reaction is used in self-heating-cans. 

This calcium hydroxide stuff you get when putting water on quicklime is called slaked lime and it has lots of uses too such as in treating sewage, using as a lime wash on buildings, making brake pads and as an insecticide. 

Lime is also used in glass making. Silica (basically sand) has a really high melting point but if you add sodium carbonate (ash from seaweed) the temperature is lower and it is easier to work with. The only problem is that the glass will be water soluble. This is solved by adding lime. Soda-lime glass is the most common form of glass. It makes good good glasses for putting vodka, lime and soda in. 

Wainwright wouldn't have been keen. He rarely drank. Sometimes he'd have a half pint after a long walk. Maybe the 20 miles to Kirkby Stephen would deserve a whole pint? "A walker on limestone is well favoured."

Guided Coast to Coast Day 5

The best day of the lakes is saved for last. Angle tarn, Kidsty Pike and views back to the rest of the lakes make for terrific scenery. 

After the steep descent from Kidsty Pike you walk along side Haweswater which was dammed in the 1930s to supply drinking water to Manchester. In doing so the village of Mardale was destroyed. A new village, Burnbanks, was created at the far end of the lake. I find it feels a bit creepy with its identical bungalows. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 4

Another day going up and down Lakeland vallies with fantastic mountain scenery around. Grasmere is a bit too posh for the Lakes and it feels good to walk out and climb to another pass. 

At the top there is a treat with Grisdale Tarn, a nice spot for a brew or a bite to eat. 

Wainwright describes the transition down Grisdale as going from "savage desolation to pastoral loveliness." This comes at the end of an epic sentence that fills a quarter of a page. He had a tendency to purple prose and I expect he had a thesaurus handy at all times. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 3

Day Three of the Coast to Coast takes you out of Borrowdale with great views of Eagle Crag. It seems imposing until, by morning tea break, you are looking down on it from the top of Lining Crag. 

Like much of the Lakes this is an area run wild with Herdwick Sheep. These hardy sheep are prized in the Lakes for their hardy nature and ability to live of foraged food. The name comes from old Norse: herd= sheep herd, wick= farm/pasture. 

These sheep have a debt of gratitude to Beatrix Potter. She spent the latter part of her life, and a lot of her wealth, championing the breed. On her death she gave 15 farms to the Natural Trust. 

Walkers need to do what we can to help out farmers. If 100,000 people walk across your land, and just one in a thousand forgets to shut a gate, that's 100 times they have to round up their sheep. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 2

Walking along Ennerdale Water on day two of the Coast to Coast walk you go past Robin Hood's Chair. It's the first of a trio of RH related things. You pass Robin Hood's Grave on day 6 and of course you finish the walk in Robin Hood's Bay. 

Also on day two you walk past 4 youth hostels. Several of these leave out cakes that Coast-to-Coasters can buy so it's worth having a few quid in your pocket. Black sail hut is probably the most interesting. An old shepherds hut in a dramatic location at the head of the valley and a welcome lunch spot for many. 

Guided Coast to Coast Day 1

The Coast to Coast walk was devised by the intricate and devious mind of that curmudgeonly bugger Alfred Wainwright. 

It was a follow up to his successful guide to the Pennine Way. He'd been pretty depressed when writing A Pennine Way Companion, as he was going through a messy divorce, but for A Coast to Coast Walk he was all loved up. It shows in the writing. 

Day one of the walk packs in huge variety of scenery, just like the last day. There is a cliff top walk (also like the last day), some quiet roads, a few small villages and Dent hill and a stroll along the lovely Nannycatch Beck. 

There are several bookend features on the walk. For example, you enter the Lake District beside Ennerdale Water and Leave it beside Haweswater. 

The old man liked walking alone. But eventually let his new love, Betty, come walking with him. But she wasn't allowed to talk and had to walk 10ft behind him. 

Wainwright expected the C to C to be compared to the Pennine way. He says in the book: 

"If there happens to be something in your temperament that makes you like the ladies the odds are that you will prefer the C. to C. You may not meet any but you will be reminded of them. On the PW you will never give them a thought...well, hardly ever. 

I finished the Pennine Way with relief, the Coast to Coast with regret. That's the difference."

Presumably he wasn't expecting many women to read/walk the C to C. 

Beer of the day: In the Shepherds Arms in Ennerdale Bridge I had a pint of Keswick Bitter 3.7% very smooth and drinkable dark brown beer. ****

Guided Northumberland Walks from £20

Northumberland is a fantastic county for walkers with coasts, castles, pubs and hills to be discovered.

The hills have their own distinctive character.  Often with a remote feel, there are many hidden gems such as waterfalls, local wildlife, stunning views and impressive crags.

I lead walks in a variety of locations in Northumberland in the hills such as:

- Cheviot and Hedgehope Hill from Harthope Valley.
- Comb Fell, Hedgehope Hill and Linhope Spout from Breamish Valley.
- Simonside Hills from Rothbury.

And also along the gorgeous coastline.

- From Berwick to Holy Island.
- From Bamburgh to Craster.

Dates

We guide walks in Northumberland throughout the year. Please get in touch to arrange a location and date that suits you.

Accommodation

If you require guest house, hostel or camping accommodation in the area, I can make appropriate recommendations for your budget.

Prices and booking

£20 per person.
Please get in touch with your preferred dates and which walks you are interested in.